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A plan for directors, owners and accountants of a small company considering bitcoin. Each step says who does it, what it should produce and which free page or document to use. Education, not advice: it explains how things work so you can ask your advisers better questions.

The order matters more than the pace. Some companies will take longer, and stopping after step 1 or step 3 is a perfectly good outcome. Every document named here is free; the templates arrive by email.

The plan, step by step

  1. Decide whether to look at this at all
    Who: The directors · Output: A one-sentence reason in your own words, or a decision not to go ahead.
    Use: Why some companies hold bitcoin, and why most don't (free)
  2. Check what you already know
    Who: A director or the owner · Output: A short list of gaps to read up on.
    Use: Readiness quiz (free)
  3. Size it with your own numbers
    Who: The finance lead or a director · Output: Your operating reserve, known obligations, excess cash and a written cap, with a stress test.
    Use: Allocation calculator (free)
  4. Brief your accountant
    Who: Your accountant · Output: An agreed accounting and tax treatment, in writing, before any purchase.
    Use: Accountant's corner, Accountant briefing (working documents pack) (free)
  5. Talk to your bank
    Who: The finance lead · Output: Confirmation that the bank will make payments to the provider you plan to use, and a file of source of funds records.
    Use: Banking and source of funds (free)
  6. Write the treasury policy
    Who: The directors, with your advisers · Output: A draft policy: purpose, cap, who approves, custody, records and review.
    Use: Treasury policy template, Policy generator (free)
  7. Choose custody and keyholders
    Who: The directors and the named keyholders · Output: A chosen custody model and a list of who holds what.
    Use: Custody options, Custodian due diligence questionnaire (free)
  8. Put it to the board
    Who: The board · Output: A minuted decision, with the policy approved or the idea set aside.
    Use: Board paper outline, Board meeting checklist (free)
  9. Set up and test recovery
    Who: The keyholders · Output: A completed set-up and a signed recovery test record, before any real funds are sent.
    Use: Key ceremony walkthrough, Recovery drill record sheet (free)
  10. Make a first purchase and record it
    Who: The finance lead, with a second approver · Output: A test transaction, then the purchase, with records your accountant can use.
    Use: Buying bitcoin as a company, Bookkeeping workbook (free)
  11. Hold the first review
    Who: The board · Output: Review minutes: position against the cap, records, keyholders and any changes.
    Use: Quarterly review checklist (working documents pack) (free)

Or go straight to where your company is

By country and role

UK company

Start with UK accounting, the FRS 102 guide and company tax. Rules from HMRC, the FRC and the FCA.

US company

Start with US accounting and company tax. Rules from the IRS, FASB and the SEC.

Accountant or adviser

See the accountant's corner and the bookkeeping worked examples.

Free tools and templates

Every calculator shows its formula, and every template is free by email. See tools and templates.

Education, not advice.

This is general information and education only. It is not financial, investment, tax, accounting, legal or regulatory advice, and it is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold bitcoin or any other asset. It does not take account of your circumstances or those of your company. You must obtain your own official professional advice to confirm this information is correct before acting on it.

Rules change. This information is correct to our understanding at the last-reviewed date, but it may be incomplete or out of date, and official sources take precedence. Bitcoin is volatile. A company that buys it could lose some or all of the money it puts in.

Using this site does not create an adviser or client relationship. IoT Financial is not authorised or regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) and is not registered with the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) as an investment adviser. Read the full disclaimer.